Bahasa Inggris.. Orang
Indonesia biasanya suka parno mendengar kata ini. Entah pernah mengalami trauma
karena diminta ke depan kelas oleh guru dan tidak bisa menjawab dengan benar
atau karena dulu di bangku sekolah sering ditunjuk guru untuk menjawab soal,
belum lagi kalau guru bahasa Inggrisnya adalah guru yang killer dan jutek.
Menurut pandangan saya,
masih banyak mahasiswa dan siswa di sekitar yang masih parno ketika mendengar
pelajaran atau mata kuliah bahasa Inggris. Orang-orang bilang karena itu bukan
merupakan bahasa kita sehari-hari. Namun bahasa Inggris sudah menjadi bahasa
yang mendunia dan dijadikan bahasa Internasional. Jika kita tidak menguasai
atau memahaminya maka kita akan kesulitan jika suatu hari nanti berada di luar
negeri, entah untuk liburan atau mengenyam pendidikan.
Pada umumnya kita tidak
akan pernah bisa menguasai suatu bahasa tanpa mempraktekannya dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari karena itulah fungsi bahasa. Pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Indonesia
pada umumnya hanya bertitik tumpu pada teorinya saja seperti tenses. Walaupun kita sudah mempelajari
bahasa Inggris seumur hidup secara teori tetapi tidak pernah mempraktekannya,
itu hanya akan menjadi suatu hal yang sia-sia. Jadi menurut saya bahasa Inggris
harus seimbang baik secara teori maupun praktek juga pembendaharaan katanya
agar bahasa Inggris menjadi suatu bahasa yang mudah dipahami dan tidak ditakuti
lagi oleh siswa maupun mahasiswa di Indonesia.
Tata bahasa suatu
bahasa memiliki variasi dalam struktur dan penggunaannya, begitu pula dengan
bahasa Inggris. Tata bahasa yang dipedomani adalah tata bahasa Inggris Amerika
(American English) dan Britania Raya
(British English). Biasanya pada
british english terdapat pengucapan dan intonasi tertentu dalam penerapannya.
Sistem kala
Sistem kala dalam bahasa Inggris disebut tense.
Tense terbagi menjadi tiga yakni:
- Past tense (kala lampau)
- Present tense (kala kini)
- Future tense (kala akan datang)
Dalam satu tense
masing-masing terbagi menjadi empat yakni:
- Simple : untuk menunjukkan kebenaran mutlak dan kegiaan rutin
- Continuous : menunjukkan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
- Perfect : menunjukkan kegiatan yang telah selesai dilakukan
- Perfect Continuous : kegiatan yang sudah terjadi dan ada kemungkinan untuk terjadi lagi
Rumus sistem
kala
Kalimat
positif/Kalimat aktif
Past
|
Present
|
Future
|
Past
Future
|
|
Simple
|
S
+ V2 + O
I
went to school alone yesterday.
|
S + V1
(+es/s)
Sun rises
from east.
|
S
+ will + Inf (V1)
I
will always love you if you love me to
|
S
+ would + Infinitive/V1
I
would have gone if you didn’t prevent me.
|
Continuous
|
S
+ was/were + Ving
I
was sleeping when you came.
|
S +
Am/Are/Is + V-ing + O
I am going
to your home tomorrow.
|
S
+ will + be + Ving
He
will be climbing Krakatau with her friends on sunday
|
S
+ would + be + Ving
When
I was born, He would be working at this company for 2 years
|
Perfect
|
S
+ Had + V3
She
had gone before you came
|
S + Have/Has
+ V3 + O
Peter has
gone just now.
|
S
+ will + have + V3
He
will have arrived by the end of this month
|
S
+ would + have + been + V3
This
house would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
|
Perfect
Continuous
|
S
+ had + been + Ving
Rooney
had been playing football for 3 years till he decided to stop last year.
|
S
+ have/has + been + Ving
It
has been raining since at six o’clock
|
S+will+have+been+Ving
He
will have been working for 3 hours at 9 am tomorrow.
|
S
+ would + have + been + V-ing
You
would have been sleeping
|
Kalimat
negatif
Past
|
Present
|
Future
|
Past
Future
|
|
Simple
|
S
+ did + not + Inf (V1)
You
didn’t tell that you took my money yesterday.
|
S +
Do/Does + not +V1
I don’t
know where to go.
|
S
+ will+ not + Inf (V1)
I
won’t let you go
|
S
+ would + not + Infinitive/V1
You
would not come to your party yesterday, whatever happened.
|
Continuous
|
S
+ was/were + not + Ving
You
weren’t listening to me when I was singing
|
S
+ am/is/are + not + Ving
I
am not crying
|
S+
will + not + be + Ving
I
wont be traveling next week.
|
S
+ would + not + be + Ving
You
would not be walking alone, if I were not sick.
|
Perfect
|
S
+ Had + not + V3
I
hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me
|
S
+ have/has + not + V3
I
have not done my home work yet.
|
S
+ will + have + not + V3
He
will not have slept at the time you go home.
|
S
+ would + not + have + been + V3
It
would not have been finished by the end of last month.
|
Perfect
Continuous
|
S+had+not+been+Ving
I
had not learning English for a year at 2010
|
S
+ have/has + not + been + Ving
I
haven’t been eating for whole day
|
S+will+have+not+been+Ving
She
will have not been traveling for 3 weeks next sunday.
|
S
+ would + not + have + been + V-ing
She
would not have been crying
|
Kalimat
tanya
Past
|
Present
|
Future
|
Past
Future
|
|
Simple
|
Did
+ S + Inf (V1)
Did
you came home last year?
|
Do/Does +
S + V1?
Do you
speak English
|
Will
+ S + Inf (V1)
Will
you come to my party?
|
Would
+ S + Infinitive/V1
Would
you attend my wedding party if I invited you?
|
Continuous
|
Was/were
+ S + Ving
Was
she still reading while father called her?
|
Am/is/are
+ S + Ving?
Are
you still waiting for some one?
|
Will
+ S + be + Ving
Will
you be still sleeping at 7 a.m tomorrow morning?
|
Would
+ S + be + Ving
Would
you be standing by me, if I slept yesterday?
|
Perfect
|
Had
+ S + V3
Had
you already graduated from senior high school last year?
|
Have/has
+ S + V3?
Have
you already taken a bath?
|
Will
+ S + have + V3
Will
you have taken bath at 4 pm?
|
Would
+S+ have+ been+ V3
Would
he have been delivered all my orders if I had paid my bill?
|
Perfect Continuous
|
Had+S+been+Ving
Had
father been working at PT.Astra for 10 years last year?
|
Have/has
+ S + been + Ving
Has
she been waiting for me for a long this time?
|
Will+S+have+been+Ving
Will
you have been diving in the sea for 3 hours at mid day?
|
Would
+ S + have + been + V-ing?
Would
you have living at London for 3 years last year?
|
Bahasa Inggris tidak
akan bisa dikuasai jika hanya belajar dari teori. Untuk dapat fasih berbahasa
Inggris harus banyak menggunakannya pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Memang jika
dipraktekan pasti akan dibilang norak.
Namun jika tidak sama sekali, tidak akan ada gunanya. Tidak mengapa jika takut
salah karena memang bukan orang Inggris. Toh tidak semua orang bule menggunakan bahasa Inggris yang
baik dan benar.
Sumber :
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris
http://inggrisonline.com/rumus-dan-pengertian-16-tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-contoh-kalimat/
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