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Sunday, October 16, 2016

Sekilas tentang Bahasa Inggris



Bahasa Inggris.. Orang Indonesia biasanya suka parno mendengar kata ini. Entah pernah mengalami trauma karena diminta ke depan kelas oleh guru dan tidak bisa menjawab dengan benar atau karena dulu di bangku sekolah sering ditunjuk guru untuk menjawab soal, belum lagi kalau guru bahasa Inggrisnya adalah guru yang killer dan jutek.

Menurut pandangan saya, masih banyak mahasiswa dan siswa di sekitar yang masih parno ketika mendengar pelajaran atau mata kuliah bahasa Inggris. Orang-orang bilang karena itu bukan merupakan bahasa kita sehari-hari. Namun bahasa Inggris sudah menjadi bahasa yang mendunia dan dijadikan bahasa Internasional. Jika kita tidak menguasai atau memahaminya maka kita akan kesulitan jika suatu hari nanti berada di luar negeri, entah untuk liburan atau mengenyam pendidikan.

Pada umumnya kita tidak akan pernah bisa menguasai suatu bahasa tanpa mempraktekannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari karena itulah fungsi bahasa. Pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Indonesia pada umumnya hanya bertitik tumpu pada teorinya saja seperti tenses. Walaupun kita sudah mempelajari bahasa Inggris seumur hidup secara teori tetapi tidak pernah mempraktekannya, itu hanya akan menjadi suatu hal yang sia-sia. Jadi menurut saya bahasa Inggris harus seimbang baik secara teori maupun praktek juga pembendaharaan katanya agar bahasa Inggris menjadi suatu bahasa yang mudah dipahami dan tidak ditakuti lagi oleh siswa maupun mahasiswa di Indonesia.

Tata bahasa suatu bahasa memiliki variasi dalam struktur dan penggunaannya, begitu pula dengan bahasa Inggris. Tata bahasa yang dipedomani adalah tata bahasa Inggris Amerika (American English) dan Britania Raya (British English). Biasanya pada british english terdapat pengucapan dan intonasi tertentu dalam penerapannya.

Sistem kala
Sistem kala dalam bahasa Inggris disebut tense. Tense terbagi menjadi tiga yakni:
Dalam satu tense masing-masing terbagi menjadi empat yakni:
  • Simple : untuk menunjukkan kebenaran mutlak dan kegiaan rutin
  • Continuous : menunjukkan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
  • Perfect : menunjukkan kegiatan yang telah selesai dilakukan
  • Perfect Continuous : kegiatan yang sudah terjadi dan ada kemungkinan untuk terjadi lagi

Rumus sistem kala
Kalimat positif/Kalimat aktif

Past
Present
Future
Past Future
Simple
S + V2 + O

I went to school alone yesterday.
S + V1 (+es/s)  
                 
Sun rises from east.
S + will + Inf (V1)

I will always love you if you love me to
S + would + Infinitive/V1

I would have gone if you didn’t prevent me.
Continuous
S + was/were + Ving

I was sleeping when you came.
S + Am/Are/Is + V-ing + O

I am going to your home tomorrow.
S + will + be + Ving

He will be climbing Krakatau with her friends on sunday
S + would + be + Ving

When I was born, He would be working at this company for 2 years
Perfect
S + Had + V3

She had gone before you came
S + Have/Has + V3 + O
 
Peter has gone just now.
S + will + have + V3

He will have arrived by the end of this month
S + would + have + been + V3

This house would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
Perfect Continuous
S + had + been + Ving

Rooney had been playing football for 3 years till he decided to stop last year.
S + have/has + been + Ving

It has been raining since at six o’clock
S+will+have+been+Ving

He will have been working for 3 hours at 9 am tomorrow.
S + would + have + been + V-ing

You would have been sleeping


Kalimat negatif

Past
Present
Future
Past Future
Simple
S + did + not + Inf (V1)

You didn’t tell that you took my money yesterday.
S + Do/Does + not +V1        
I don’t know where to go.
S + will+ not + Inf (V1)

I won’t let you go
S + would + not + Infinitive/V1

You would not come to your party yesterday, whatever happened.
Continuous
S + was/were + not + Ving

You weren’t listening to me when I was singing
S + am/is/are + not + Ving

I am not crying
S+ will + not + be + Ving

I wont be traveling next week.
S + would + not + be + Ving

You would not be walking alone, if I were not sick.
Perfect
S + Had + not + V3

I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me
S + have/has + not + V3

I have not done my home work yet.
S + will + have + not + V3

He will not have slept at the time you go home.
S + would + not + have + been + V3

It would not have been finished by the end of last month.
Perfect Continuous
S+had+not+been+Ving

I had not learning English for a year at 2010
S + have/has + not + been + Ving

I haven’t been eating for whole day
S+will+have+not+been+Ving

She will have not been traveling for 3 weeks next sunday.
S + would + not + have + been + V-ing

She would not have been crying


Kalimat tanya

Past
Present
Future
Past Future
Simple
Did + S + Inf (V1)

Did you came home last year?
Do/Does + S + V1?  
 
Do you speak English
Will + S + Inf (V1)

Will you come to my party?
Would + S + Infinitive/V1

Would you attend my wedding party if I invited you?
Continuous
Was/were + S + Ving

Was she still reading while father called her?
Am/is/are + S + Ving?

Are you still waiting for some one?
Will + S + be + Ving

Will you be still sleeping at 7 a.m tomorrow morning?
Would + S + be + Ving

Would you be standing by me, if I slept yesterday?
Perfect
Had + S + V3

Had you already graduated from senior high school last year?
Have/has + S + V3?

Have you already taken a bath?
Will + S + have + V3

Will you have taken bath at 4 pm?
Would +S+ have+ been+ V3

Would he have been delivered all my orders if I had paid my bill?
Perfect Continuous
Had+S+been+Ving

Had father been working at PT.Astra for 10 years last year?
Have/has + S + been + Ving

Has she been waiting for me for a long this time?
Will+S+have+been+Ving
Will you have been diving in the sea for 3 hours at mid day?
Would + S + have + been + V-ing?

Would you have living at London for 3 years last year?

Bahasa Inggris tidak akan bisa dikuasai jika hanya belajar dari teori. Untuk dapat fasih berbahasa Inggris harus banyak menggunakannya pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Memang jika dipraktekan pasti akan dibilang norak. Namun jika tidak sama sekali, tidak akan ada gunanya. Tidak mengapa jika takut salah karena memang bukan orang Inggris. Toh tidak semua orang bule menggunakan bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar.

Sumber :
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris
http://inggrisonline.com/rumus-dan-pengertian-16-tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-contoh-kalimat/

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